北京市东城区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试卷

Jeremy Locke, who owns a roofing and construction company, had always been wanting to 1 the roof of Jeanette MacDonald's home. Whenever he drove past the woman's home, he 2 that another group of repairmen had taken on the job. But as weeks wore on, the roof continued to worsen without any 3 of repair.

"I had it in my mind that if no one steps up to help this lady in our community, I'd love to," said Locke to his wife.

When Locke finally 4 MacDonald about fixing her roof for free, however, she politely turned him down because she did not like to accept 5 . She told Locke, "I applied for a government grant (补助金) to fix the roof and I'll be more than happy to 6 you once the grant application was approved".

7 , the approval never came. 

So Locke changed tactics (策略). The sympathetic construction worker played a/an 8  trick to make her accept his help. He invited MacDonald to enter a raffle (抽奖) that his business was holding for a free roof. After MacDonald got one of the raffle tickets, Locke told her that she was the 9 . Not until the new roof was finished did MacDonald know that she was the only one who had entered the raffle. 

MacDonald said that she didn't know how to express her 10 to Locke, saying that he was her "guardian angel".

In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that (find) on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard, far from its habitat. All that remained of the poor bear were "skin and bones". Experts claimed that low sea ice levels (cause) by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This (alarm) case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth's ecology.

Dean Schneider leaves his life in Switzerland behind and goes to Africa (pursue) his passion and make the world a better place. He was always fascinated by the animal world since he was a child. That is he decided to form a club to help lions born in captivity (圈养). The name of the club is "Hakuna Mipaka"—a Swahili expression meaning "no limits". It develops from five core values that Dean tries hard to follow: (free), loyalty, appreciation, brotherhood, and boldness.

Construction of the Tower of Pisa began in 1173  Pisa was a center of power and wealth. But work was stopped several times because of wars. The eight-story tower was not completed until the late 1200s. The tower itself is made of marble (大理石) and  (weigh) 16,000 tons. However, the leaning of the tower was not for its weights  for the soil underneath. The ground is  (soft) on one side than on the other. The south side has sunk 6. 1 feet below ground level in the past centuries. The north side has sunk 12. 3 feet!

America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tao's chicken, fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavoured with hot red peppers.

The policeman asked the climbers  SOS messages when in danger. 

These pictures  ink wash animation films. Have you seen any of them before?

It is essential from dominating a teenager's life.

Have you ever fantasized about how easy life would be with a personal assistant taking care of all the "little details"? Nowadays, you can get lots of the advantages of an AI assistant right on your phone or computer. Using any of these apps will help you improve your efficiency and productivity with a single click—whether you are at work or at college, or anything else in between. So go forth and download the best AI assistants:

In the middle of San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, Amanda Barrows carefully placed a wooden nightstand(床头柜) on the ground. She attached a sign reading, "Take a poem, leave a poem. "

"It's completely unexpected," said Barrows, a park ranger (管理员) by day and a poet by night. "I'm really taken aback by the outpouring of support. "

Barrows has always considered herself a writer, so she enrolled in a class called Poetry for the People. The final project of the class is to find a way to "bring poetry into the community".

At first, Barrows struggled to land on an idea. Eventually, she realized that she could fuse her love for parks and her love for poetry. A coworker gave Barrows a weathered nightstand. She thought it would be the perfect tool for her project. 

She filled the drawer at the top with fresh paper and pens and added a box at the bottom for poems. To get the ball rolling, she asked her close friends to add their favorite poems to the drawer for people to take away. 

The poetry nightstand reminded her of Little Free Libraries. That project features bookstands stationed across the city. People can leave and take books from little libraries. She only had a single nightstand to work with, so Barrows decided that she would leave it in a park for four days before moving it to a new location. San Francisco's Recreation and Park Department manages about 220 parks, and Barrow's goal is to bring the poetry nightstand to all of them.

Since the project started, people have added a wide range of writing. Barrows shares most of the submissions on social media. Some are clearly composed by kids, while others are more refined. People have also written poems in various languages. "I love to see different people's handwriting and share their personal words," Barrows said.

The instructors of Poetry for the People said the nightstand fulfilled the main purpose of the project. Other students in the class wrote poetry on sidewalks with chalk. Another gave out poems disguised as parking tickets. Tanea Lunsford Lynx, a guest instructor for the class, says the project is "an invitation to slow down". She believes that the old-fashioned nightstand stands out in a city that is filled with new technology.

Barrows says she intends to "keep this going indefinitely," and she hopes others will build off the project and contribute their own creativity. "It really is a community project," Barrows said. "It belongs to all of us. "

Overly technical language in science articles doesn't just muddy the waters for non-experts—it can alienate readers, potentially shutting them out from scientific discussion and knowledge. That's the conclusion of a study published in the Journal of Language and Social Psychology, and it applies to general-interest articles just as much as to scientific papers.

"When we have a hard time conceptualizing information, we become really scared of it," says lead author Hillary Shulman, a communication researcher. Scientists can create "unnecessary barriers" with words, she says. The study involved 650 members of the general public who read paragraphs on three cutting-edge topics: self-driving cars, robotic surgery and 3D bio-printing. The members are divided into two groups: for the experimental group, the paragraphs were loaded with jargon terms (行业术语), such as "remote ergonomic console"; for the control group, the paragraphs were written with words that are familiar to most readers, such as "separate control panel".

After reading the passages, the study participants rated their experience in a series of questionnaires. Those who read jargon-filled paragraphs were more likely to say that they had difficulty understanding the language and the information. They were also significantly more likely to say that they weren't good at science, and less likely to say that they would seek out information on the topic in the future. Some of the participants who read the jargon- heavy text received links to definitions of technical terms, but that didn't reduce their frustrations or enhance their feelings of understanding.

Scientists can learn to cut back on their use of technical language when talking to people who are not researchers, says Ayelet Baram-Tsabari, a science-communication researcher. She co-authored a January study showing that scientists with media training can write articles that are just as engaging as pieces written by professional journalists. "Avoiding jargon is a fundamental part of that, but it's not the whole story," she says. To really connect with the public, she recommends that scientists tell a story that's relevant to the audience. Members of the public aren't the only ones who can be turned off by jargon, Shulman says. Students can be, too. "I teach a class with 400 undergrads," she says. "When you're training people, you can introduce jargon with a little more sensitivity. You're trying to invite them into the environment. "

Of course, technical words still have an important function in science. Shulman's paper is itself heavily loaded with terms such as "metacognition" and "self-schema". "The irony of that is not lost on me," she says. "When it comes to scientific literature, you can't get anything published unless it's full of jargon. Scientists want to speak to other scientists in the most precise way possible. "

Do you feel like you can remember things better when you actively engage with the information and create your own version of it?  This phenomenon has important implications when it comes to understanding how people learn. 

Tests on the generation effect show that when users encounter a list of words presented in the form of fragments (片段), they will engage several areas of the brain to create words to fill in the blanks.  Researchers believe this is because of the deeper level of cognitive (认知的) engagement involved in the process of creating new words. 

Teachers and instructors need to be aware of the role the generation effect can play in the classroom. Students who just receive written material they can read may not understand it as fully as students who engage with it by taking notes, completing writing exercises, and so forth.  Rather than giving students a list of correctly spelled words and asking them to memorize it, the teacher can ask students to complete worksheets where they must fill in blanks to spell the words. 

 If a student simply reads a textbook, he/she will not absorb the information as well as when he/she takes notes and recreates charts and other materials presented in the book. Students preparing for an examination may find it helpful to write out material from the text, rephrasing in their own words as appropriate to make sure they fully understand the material. 

In a word, it all boils down to active learning versus passive learning. Spending a few minutes actively producing content may just be the thing you were missing in your learning routine. 

A. That's called the Generation Effect.

B. For students, the generation effect can also be important. 

C. When they are asked to repeat the list later, their recall will be better. 

D. A common example of the generation effect can be seen in spelling lessons for young students. 

E. The simple act of writing can trigger(激发) the generation effect and help the students perform better on examinations. 

F. They will find that actively using new information may create relationships between tasks in examinations. 

G. The process of generating content may initiate some particular encoding (编码) processes that do not happen when simply reading. 

THE GROWING PROBLEM OF E-WASTE

The term e-waste is short for "electronic waste". It refers to electrical or electronic products that are thrown away when they are no longer needed. These include computers, televisions, ovens, and basically anything else that runs on batteries or has an electrical cord.

E-waste has been a problem since the 1970s because of how difficult it is to separate things like metal and plastic from various products. Also, many electronics contain toxic materials that can pollute the environment if left in landfills. Over the past few decades, the problem of e-waste has only increased along with advancements in technology. 

E-waste is now the fastest-growing waste stream around the world. The total amount of e-waste created every year is expected to reach 74 million tons by the year 2030. Currently, it's estimated that only about 17 percent of global e-waste is properly recycled. However, the United Nations hopes to bring that number up to 30 percent by the end of 2023. 

With more people using smartphones and computers every year, the problem of e-waste cannot be ignored. To increase the recycling rate of e-waste items, cities should consider adding special collection boxes at grocery stores or government offices. There should also be delivery or pick-up services for e-waste items. That way, these items can be sent directly to people who are able to properly take them apart and recover their useful components. 

Despite current difficulties, e-waste has great recycling potential. In addition to the items thrown away, lots of people keep old devices that aren't used anymore. As a whole, they add up to a lot of metals and minerals that can, and should, be recycled. If these components are recycled to make new products, there would be less of a need to dig for more around the world.

So, if you must replace your phone or computer, try returning the device to the manufacturer or dropping it off at an e-waste processing facility if there is one nearby. 

注意：
1. 词数100 左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

提示词：健康美食日 Healthy Food Day

Dear Jim,

Yours,

Li Hua